Twin Studies, Adoption Studies, MISTRA

          Twin study is for examing the influence of genetic and environment on behavial and medical traits. The researchers observed both the identical and fraternal twins and found that identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins because they are closer in the genetic parts than fraternal twins. Also, the researchers found that the genetic effect, environment and unique environments do important roles to shape people. Adaoption study is based on the record of individuals who are adopted. The advantage of adoption study is that it can help people to know the impact of environment and genetic influence in various situation. Also, people can compare them easily with others in the family. However, the disadvantage is that people cannot eaily find the difference. MISTRA (Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart) is that the study about twins who are seperated when they are born, and raised in the different families. The result of this study is that the twins have many similar things such as personality, interest and attitudes. This found makes people to think that these similarities are because of genetics, not environment and the difference is because of environmental effects. The one of example of this study is 'jim twins'. They have a lot of similarities such as the name of son and the number they married.

Stroke: An Assault on the brain

1. Explain what happens to the brain when a stroke occurs.

          The cells in the brain die when a stroke occurs and because of this, the ablilities which the part that the dead cells responseare lost. The part of movement, speech and memory can be affected.

2. Briefly explain the differences between the three different types of strokes.

          First type is ischemic stoke. 83% of stroke is ischemic stoke that blood clots in the artheries which suply blood to the head. This means that oxygen cannot go that part of brain. Ischemic stoke is divided two parts; embolic and thrombotic. Embloic is that blood clots in the body and it breaks off and block brain's blood vessel. It makes the blood vessel too narrow, so blood cannot pass it. Another type is hemorragic stroke. The blood vessel ruptures and and bleed in the brain. It is more common and it can be occured in the brain. Third type is subarachnoid hemorrhage which blood spills and it goes into the spinal fluid.

3. Identify some of the most common risk factors - in other words, who is most likely to have a stroke?

          To people who have a high blood, the stoke can be occured, especially hemorragic storke can be easily occured.

4. What disabilities can result from a stroke?

          No matter what kind of stoke is occured, lifetime disablitiy and death can be result of the storke, so people need the medical treatment.

5. What is brain plasticity and what does it mean in terms of recovering from a stroke?
          Brain plasticity, or neuroplasticiy is the ability of the brain to change with learning. It allows to rebuild of neurological connection, which is needed to recover stroke. It is because neurological connection is damaged because of stoke.